Updated 7/21/2026

Language Model Security Database

Explore primary-source AI security research, evaluated models, attack techniques, and defensive evidence.

959 research findings · 1077 evaluated models

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21 entries

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Confounder Gadgets Reroute LLMs

Updated 1/14/2026

A vulnerability exists in Large Language Model (LLM) routing systems (control planes) that allows for the manipulation of inference flow via adversarial input sequences. LLM routers, which dynamically direct user queries to either "weak" (cheaper) or "strong" (expensive) models based on predicted query complexity, can be bypassed by appending specific, pre-optimized token sequences known as "confounder gadgets." These gadgets artificially inflate the router's complexity score for an input…

Rerouting llm routers

Source: arXiv

Research methodology

Entries summarize publicly available primary-source security research. Model names reflect only systems explicitly evaluated by the cited paper, and measurements are research-reported unless independent verification is stated.