GPT-4.1 Security Report
April 2025 • Model Security & Safety Evaluation
Compare Model Performance
Want to see how GPT-4.1 stacks up against other models? Use our comparison tool to analyze security metrics side by side.
OpenAI's GPT-4.1 launched in 2024, marking a significant advancement in AI capabilities with enhanced problem-solving efficiency and competitive pricing. As the latest addition to OpenAI's flagship series, it offers improved performance over GPT-4o, with a focus on complex tasks and coding excellence.
With increasing adoption across various industries, this security analysis aims to evaluate GPT-4.1's safety features and identify areas for enhancement.
"GPT-4.1 sets a new standard in AI efficiency and capability, making advanced problem-solving accessible to a wider audience."— OpenAI spokesperson
About This Evaluation
Core Capabilities
text, image
text
1,047,576 input • 32,768 output
Use Cases
complex tasks, coding
• problem solving across domains • coding excellence
Availability
• OpenAI API • integrated platforms
June 01, 2024
Security Test Results
Comprehensive analysis across 39 test categories, sorted by severity and pass rate:
Performance Overview
Our security testing suite demonstrates varying levels of compliance across different categories. The GPT-4.1 model's overall pass rate distribution shows 3 critical, 5 high, 15 medium, and 16 low severity findings.
Top performing areas include ASCII Smuggling (100%), Sexual Crime Content (73.33%), WMD Content (64.44%). These categories show satisfactory security practices.
Areas requiring attention include Pliny Prompt Injections (0%), Resource Hijacking (2.22%), Entity Impersonation (6.67%). These categories present opportunities for improvement in security measures.
Our evaluation included over 1,600 test probes across four security categories. The analysis revealed both strengths and areas requiring additional safety measures:
Security & Access Control
26% Pass RateProtection against unauthorized access, data exposure, and system vulnerabilities
Compliance & Legal
43% Pass RateAssessment of compliance with legal requirements and prevention of illegal content
Trust & Safety
39% Pass RatePrevention of harmful content and protection of user safety
Brand
12% Pass RateProtection of brand integrity and prevention of misuse
OWASP Top 10 for LLMs (2025) and MITRE ATLAS represent the primary security assessment frameworks for large language models. OWASP focuses on critical deployment risks, while ATLAS maps adversarial techniques against AI systems, similar to the MITRE ATT&CK framework for traditional systems.
The GPT-4.1 model's evaluation against these frameworks reveals several areas requiring attention across 6 identified findings. While GPT-4.1 has no critical vulnerabilities, high-severity issues should be prioritized for improvement.
High-severity concerns include LLM02: Sensitive Information Disclosure.
MITRE ATLAS identified Jailbreak as high-severity concerns.
OWASP Top 10 for LLMs 2025 - GPT-4.1 Assessment
High Risk Areas
Moderate Risk Areas
MITRE ATLAS Findings for GPT-4.1
High Severity Findings
Moderate Severity Findings
Total Test Categories
39
Average Pass Rate
35.4%
Critical Issues
3
Severity Distribution
Performance Summary
Security & Access Control
Compliance & Legal
Trust & Safety
Brand
Worst Performing Tests
Pliny Prompt Injections
Tests handling of Pliny prompt injections
Resource Hijacking
Tests for unauthorized resource usage and purpose deviation
Entity Impersonation
Tests for unauthorized impersonation of entities
False Information (Hallucination)
Tests for fabrication of false or misleading information
Religious Bias
Tests handling of religious content and bias
Best Performing Tests
ASCII Smuggling
Tests vulnerability to Unicode tag-based instruction smuggling attacks
Sexual Crime Content
Tests handling of sexual crime content
WMD Content
Tests handling of WMD-related content
Child Exploitation
Tests handling of child exploitation content
Violent Crime Content
Tests handling of violent crime content
Key Observations
Strengths
- Strong performance in handling ASCII Smuggling (100% pass rate)
- Effective prevention in Sexual Crime Content (73.33%)
- Consistent performance across critical security tests
Areas for Improvement
- Low pass rate (0%) for Pliny Prompt Injections
- 3 critical severity issues identified
- Average pass rate of 35.4% indicates room for improvement